This will extend the use of the present continuous to include transitive verbs, their objects, modified by the article. A limited range of verbal nouns will used. Nouns of both genders will be used. The mutations on modified nouns caused by the use of the article will be introduced.
Staidéar (Study)
An tAlt - The Article
a. nominative singular, b. genitive singular, c. plural
Masculine Form
a. an, b. an, c. na
Feminine Form
a. an, b. na, c. na
Séimhiú (Lenition), Urú (Eclipsing), t-prefixing, h-prefixing after the article:
Masculine
a. nominative singular, b. genitive singular, c. nominative plural, d. genitive plural
Vowel - nouns beginning with a vowel
arán
a. an t-arán, b. an aráin, c. na haráin, d. na n-arán
Consonant
a. an cat, b. an chait, c. na cait, d. na gcat
Feminine
Vowel - nouns beginning with a vowel
a. an abairt, b. na habairte, c. na habairtí, d. na n-abairtí
Consonant
a. an fhuinneog, b. na fuinneoige, c. na fuinneoga, d. na bhfuinneog
Foghlaim (Learn)
Masculine
cluas an chait, the ear of the cat
bia na gcat, the food of the cats
blas an aráin, the taste of the bread
blas na n-arán, the taste of the breads
blas an fhíona, the taste of the wine
blas na bhfíonta, the taste of the wines
Feminine
fad na habairte, the length of the sentence
focail na n-abairtí, the words of the sentences
gloine na fuinneoige, the glass of the window
gloine na bhfuinneog, the glass of the windows
Verbal Nouns
ól, drinking
ithe, eating
cur, putting
briseadh, breaking
scríobh, writing
Léigh (Read)
1. Tá Brian ag ithe an aráin.
2. Tá Nóra ag ól an fhíona.
3. Tá Máire ag cur an airgid sa bhosca.
4. Tá Seán ag briseadh na fuinneoige.
5. Tá Pól ag ithe an bhracháin.
6. Tá Síle ag scríobh na habairte.
Freagair (Answer)
1. Who is putting the money in the box?
2. Who is drinking the wine?
3. Who is writing the sentence?
4. Who is eating the bread?
5. Who is breaking the window?
6. Who is eating the porridge?
Only one article exists in Irish: the definite article
Rules for the article
Masculine:
Consonant
a. an cat, b.an chait, c. na cait, d. na gcat
a. no mutation, b. lenition, c. no mutation, d. eclipsing
Vowel
a. an arán, b. an aráin, c. na haráin, d, na n-arán
a. no mutation, b. no mutation, c. prefix h, d, prefix n
Feminine:
Consonant
a. an fhuinneog, b. na fuinneoige, c. na fuinneoga, d. na bhfuinneog
a. lenition, b. no mutation, c. no mutation, d. eclipsing
Vowel
a. an abairt, b. na habairte, c. na habairtí, d. na n-abairtí
a. no mutation, b. prefix h, c. prefix h, d. prefix n
Nouns - genitive form
Masculine
blas an aráin - i before last consonant
cluas an chait - i before last consonant
blas an fhíona - a after last consonant
Feminine
gloine na fuinneoige - i before last consonant followed by e
fad na habairte - e after last consonant
Rule of Thumb
If the last consonant does not have an i before it,
put one in before adding the e, to mark the genitive singular
Sound
Very often the h is prefixed to avoid two vowels occurring in a row, something that can obscure the meaning.
i before a consonant causes that consonant to be palatalized
e after a consonant causes that consonant to be palatalized
cás, a case - a. an cás [ka:s] b. iompar an cháis [xaːʃ]
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